Everyone has a lingual frenulum (that small membrane under the tongue). However, in some babies, this tissue is too short, too thick, or too tight, leading to nipple pain or an inefficient feed.

With the summer heat, pharmacy shelves are filling up with "electrolyte" tablets and powders — including "breastfeeding-specific" hydration blends that claim to improve hydration and even boost milk supply. But what does the science actually say?

In France, natural disasters are not a distant abstraction. Wildfires in the south, floods in the north and west, violent storms: every year, families are forced to evacuate their homes within minutes. Yet in the rush of an evacuation, infant feeding is rarely planned for. How can breastfeeding continue under stress?